- 1-50 members (Single or Multi-member);
- 100% foreign ownership allowed in most sectors;
- Simpler governance than JSC;
- No minimum charter capital (except licensed sectors);
- 15-20 working days registration.
- Min. Capital: Varies by sector.
- Minimum 3 shareholders, no maximum limit;
- Can issue shares and bonds;
- Path to public listing (HOSE, HNX, UPCoM);
- Board of Directors & Supervisory Board required;
- Easier share transfers than LLC.
- Can conduct revenue-generating activities;
- Parent company remains liable;
- 5-year renewable license;
- Sector-specific requirements apply.
- Non-commercial activities only;
- Market research, liaison, promotion;
- Cannot sign contracts or generate revenue;
- Fastest setup: 10-15 working days.
